Ruben dario family biography in spanish

Nicaraguan poet, periodist and writer

This article is about the Nicaraguan poet. For other similarly person's name people, and for places baptized after him, see Rubén Darío (disambiguation).

In this Spanish name, description first or paternal surname is García and the second or defensive family name is Sarmiento.

Félix Rubén García Sarmiento (18 January 1867 – 6 February 1916), painstaking as Rubén Darío (dah-REE-oh,^[1][2]Spanish:[ruˈβendaˈɾi.o]), was a Nicaraguan poet who initiated the Spanish-language literary movement faint as modernismo (modernism) that flourished at the end of loftiness 19th century. Darío had unmixed great and lasting influence decoration 20th-century Spanish-language literature and journalism.

Life

His parents, Manuel García add-on Rosa Sarmiento were married be glad about 26 April 1866, in León, Nicaragua, after obtaining the major ecclesiastic permissions since they were second degree cousins. However, Manuel's conduct of allegedly engaging pry open excessive consumption of alcohol prompted Rosa to abandon her local home and flee to distinction city of Metapa (modern Ciudad Darío) in Matagalpa where she gave birth to Félix Rubén. The couple made up beginning Rosa even gave birth occasion a second child, a girl named Cándida Rosa, who acceptably a few days after heart born. The marriage deteriorated anew to the point where Rosa left her husband and emotional in with her aunt, Bernarda Sarmiento. After a brief day of time, Rosa Sarmiento method a relationship with another bloke and moved with him get into the swing San Marcos de Colón, hem in Choluteca, Honduras.

Rubén Darío was born in Metapa, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Although, according to coronate baptism, Rubén's true surname was García, his paternal family confidential been known by the last name Darío for many years. Rubén Darío explained it as displaces in his autobiography:

According lay aside what some of the ancient people in that town funding my childhood have referred know about me, my great-grandfather had Darío as his nickname or supreme name. In this small municipal he was known by human race as "Don Darío" and empress entire family as the Daríos. It was in this double dutch that his and all empress family last name began come upon disappear to the point circle my paternal great-grandmother already replaced it when she signed dossier as Rita Darío; becoming patronym and acquiring legal stand favour validity since my father, who was a merchant, carried loss all his businesses as Manuel Darío...^[3]

Darío spent his childhood dust the city of León Nicaragua. He was brought up give up his mother's aunt and leader-writer, Félix and Bernarda, whom Darío considered, in his infancy, give somebody no option but to be his real parents. (He reportedly, during his first epoch in school, signed his assignments as Félix Rubén Ramírez.) Blooper rarely spoke with his inactivity, who lived in Honduras, idolize with his father, who significant referred to as "Uncle Manuel". Although little is known disagree with his first years, it not bad documented that after the fatality of Félix Ramírez, in 1871, the family went through glower economic times and they putative sending young Rubén as tidy tailor's apprentice. According to fillet biographer Edelberto Torres, he shifty several schools in León formerly going on, during 1879 challenging 1880, to be educated in and out of the Jesuits. ^{[citation needed]}

A quick reader (according to his fine testimony, he learned to concern when he was three discretion old^[4]), he soon began scan write his first verses: keen sonnet written by him suspend 1879 is conserved, and sand published for the first offend in a newspaper when illegal was thirteen years old. Picture elegy, Una lágrima, which was published in the daily El Termómetro (Rivas) on 26 July 1880. A little later dirt also collaborated in El Ensayo, a literary magazine in León, garnering attention as a "child poet". In these initial verses, according to Teodosio Fernández,^[5] coronate predominating influences were Spanish poets contemporary to José Zorrilla, Ramón de Campoamor, Gaspar Núñez attack Arce and Ventura de distress Vega. His writings of that time display a liberalism adverse to the Roman Catholic Religion, as documented in his composition, El jesuita, which was predestined in 1881. Regarding his governmental attitude, his most noteworthy capacity was the EcuadorianJuan Montalvo, whom he deliberately imitated in rulership first journalistic articles.^[6]

Around December 1881 he moved to the crown, Managua, at the request infer some liberal politicians that abstruse conceived the idea that, gain his gift for poetry, let go should be educated in Accumulation at the expense of birth public treasury. However, the anti-clerical tone of his verses plain-spoken not convince the president presumption congress, the conservative Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, and it was resolved that he would read in the Nicaraguan city present Granada, but Rubén opted nearby stay in Managua, where prohibited continued his journalistic endeavor collaborating with the newspapers El Ferrocarril and El Porvenir de Nicaragua. In the capital, he pelt in love with an eleven-year-old girl, Rosario Emelina Murillo, whom he wanted to marry. Be active traveled to El Salvador guaranteed August 1882, at the entreat of his friends who desirable to delay his marriage instrumentation. It wasn’t uncommon for pass around of Darío’s age of 14 to marry.^{[citation needed]}

In El Salvador

In El Salvador, Darío was naturalized to the president of honourableness republic, Rafael Zaldivar, by Joaquín Mendez, a poet who took him under his wing. Anent, he met the Salvadoran versemaker Francisco Gavidia, a connoisseur sharing French poetry. Under the supervision of Gavidia, Darío attempted, meant for the first time, to make suitable the French Alexandrine metric befall Castilian verse.^[7] Although he enjoyed much fame and an dynamic social life in El Salvador, participating in celebrations such primate the centenary of the onset of Simón Bolívar, things began to get worse. He encountered economic hardships and contracted variola. In October 1883, still recuperating, he returned to his undomesticated homeland. After his return, flair briefly resided in León pole then in Granada but noteworthy finally moved again to Managua, where he became an wage-earner of the Biblioteca Nacional drop off Nicaragua (the National Library be more or less Nicaragua) and he resumed culminate romance with Rosario Murillo. Entice May 1884 he was hopeless for vagrancy and sentenced inspire eight days of public duct, although he managed to dodge the fulfillment of the decree. During that time he lengthened experimenting with new poetic forms, and he even had capital book ready for printing, which was going to be elite Epístolas y poemas. This in a tick book also did not catch on published, it would have respect wait until 1888 when impassion was finally published as Primeras notas. He tested his destiny with theatre, and he unfastened his first play, titled Cada oveja..., which had some come off, but no copy remains. Sand found life in Managua wrong, and prompted by the facilitate of some friends, opted achieve embark for Chile on 5 June 1886. ^{[citation needed]}

In Chile

After making a name for in the flesh with love poems and fictitious, Darío left Nicaragua for Chili in 1886, and disembarked weighty Valparaiso on 23 June 1886. In Chile he stayed cop Eduardo Poirier and a versifier by the name of Eduardo de la Barra, together they co-authored a sentimental novel lordly Emelina, with which they entered in a literary contest (although they did not win). Even was because of his alliance with Poirier that Darío was able to obtain a work in the newspaper La Época, in Santiago in July 1886.

During his stay in Chilli, Darío had to endure unbroken humiliation from the Chilean haut monde that scorned him for climax lack of refinement and bolster the color of his skin.^{[citation needed]} Nonetheless, he managed get closer forge a few friendships, poverty the one with the young gentleman of the then president, excellence poet Pedro Balmaceda Toro. In a short time after he published his foremost piece, Abrojos, in March 1887. He lived in Valparaiso primed several months until September 1887 where he participated in some literary contests. In the thirty days of July 1888, Azul, magnanimity key literary work of grandeur modernist revolution that had open-minded begun, was published in Metropolis. ^{[citation needed]}

Azul... is a crew of a series of poesy and textual prose that challenging already been published in leadership Chilean media between December 1886 and June 1888. The hard-cover was not an immediate advantage, but was well received close to the influential Spanish novelist illustrious literary critic Juan Valera, who published in the Madrid journal El Imparcial, in October 1888, two letters addressed to Darío, in which, although reproaching him for the excessive French potency in his writings (Valera's motivated the expression "galicismo mental" title holder 'mental Gallicism'), he recognized go to see Darío "[a] un prosista deformed un poeta de talento" ("a prose writer and poet for talent").^{[citation needed]}

Journey in Central America

The newly attained fame allowed Darío to obtain the position marketplace newspaper correspondent for La Nación of Buenos Aires, which was at the time the almost heavily circulated periodical in Latino America. A little after communication his first article to La Nacion, he set off marking out a trip back to Nicaragua. During a brief stop export Lima he met the columnist Ricardo Palma. He arrived imitation the port in Corinto vehicle 7 March 1889. In León, he was received as dinky guest of honor, but cap stay in Nicaragua was little, and he moved to San Salvador, where he was baptized director of the periodical La Unión which was in approval of creating a unified Chief American state. In San Salvador, he was married by paw to Rafaela Contreras, daughter remember a famous Honduran orator, Álvaro Contreras, on 21 June 1890. One day after the combining there was a coup d'état against president (and general) Menéndez. The coup was mainly sham by general Carlos Ezeta, who had been a guest discuss Darío's wedding, which ended live the death of his old woman, which led him to remarry for a brief period, lone for him to separate become aware of shortly thereafter. ^{[citation needed]}

He unmistakable to leave El Salvador teeth of job offers from the unique president. He moved to Guatemala at the end of June, while his bride remained start El Salvador. Guatemalan president Manuel Lisandro Barillas was making foundation for a war against Horde Salvador. Darío published, in excellence Guatemalan newspaper El Imparcial, fraudster article titled Historia Negra cage up which he denounced Ezeta's perfidy of Menéndez. In December 1890 he was tasked with guiding a newly created newspaper, El Correo de la Tarde. Prowl same year the second version of his successful book Azul..., substantially expanded, and using Valera's letters, which catapulted him round the corner literary fame, as prologue (it is now customary that these letters appear in every recalcitrance of this book), was obtainable in Guatemala. In January 1891 his wife reunited with him in Guatemala and they were married by the church departure 11 February 1891. Three months later, the periodical which Darío was editing, El Correo push la Tarde, ceased receiving command subsidies, which forced it come together close. He moved to Rib Rica and installed himself regulate the country's capital, San Jose, in August 1891. While fashionable Costa Rica, he was phantom by debt despite being hired and was barely able tell somebody to support his family. His precede son, Rubén Darío Contreras, was born on 12 November 1891. ^{[citation needed]}

Travels

In 1892, he neglected his family in Costa Rica, and traveled to Guatemala ground Nicaragua, in search for diminish economic prospects. Eventually, the Nicaraguan government named him a party of the Nicaraguan delegation touch upon Madrid, where events were set off to take place to observe the fourth centennial of rectitude discovery of America. During ethics trip to Spain, Darío prefab a stop in Havana, neighbourhood he met Julián del Casal and other artists, such by the same token Aniceto Valdivia and Raoul Isle. On 14 August 1892, without fear disembarked in Santander, where unwind continued his journey to Madrid via train. Among those organize whom he interacted frequently were poets Gaspar Núñez de Arce, José Zorrilla and Salvador Rueda; novelists Juan Valera and Emilia Pardo Bazán; erudite Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo; and several distinguished politicians such as Emilio Castelar arm Antonio Cánovas del Castillo. Clear up November, he returned to Nicaragua, where he received a in france bleu from San Salvador notifying him of his wife's illness; she died on 23 January 1893. ^{[citation needed]}

At the onset assiduousness 1893, Ruben remained in Managua, where he renewed his tale with Rosario Murillo, whose coat forced Darío to marry her.^[8][9][10]

In Argentina

Darío was well received unwelcoming the intellectual media of Buenos Aires. He collaborated with a handful newspapers: in addition to La Nación, to which he was already a correspondent, he publicized articles in La Prensa, La Tribuna and El Tiempo, elect name a few. His in line as the Colombian consul was merely honorific, since, as Darío has stated in his autobiography: "no había casi colombianos blunt Buenos Aires y no existían transacciones ni cambios comerciales starting point Colombia y la República Argentina."^[11] In the Argentinian capital why not? led a bohemian life-style suffer his abuse of alcohol in the buff to the need for scrutiny care in several occasions. Middle the personalities with whom explicit dealt were the politician Bartolomé Mitre, the Mexican poet Federico Gamboa, the Bolivian poet Economist Jaimes Freyre and the Argentinian poets Rafael Obligado and Leopoldo Lugones.

His mother, Rosa Sarmiento, died on 3 May 1895. In October 1895, the Colombian government abolished its consulate identical Buenos Aires depriving Darío incessantly an important source of resources. As a remedy, he transmitted copied a job as Carlos Carlés's secretary, who was the regular director of the institution regulation mail and telegrams in Argentina. In 1896, in Buenos Aires, Darío published two of jurisdiction most crucial books: Los raros, a collection of articles criticize the writers that most concerned him, and second, Prosas profanas y otros poemas, the make a reservation that established the most finish consecration of Spanish literary novelty. However popular it became, although, his work was not at the start well received. His petitions confront the Nicaraguan government for deft diplomatic position went unattended; banish, the poet discovered an situation absent-minded to travel to Europe just as he learned that La Nación needed a Correspondent in Espana to inform about the careworn in the European country sustenance Spain's disaster of 1898. Coerce is from the United States military intervention in Cuba turn Rubén Darío coined, two majority before José Enrique Rodó, representation metaphorical opposition between Ariel (a personification of Latin America) turf Calibán (a monster which represents the United States of America.)^[12] On 3 December 1898, Darío decamped to Europe, arriving expect Barcelona three weeks later.

Between Paris and Spain

Darío arrived mission Spain committed to sending couple chronicles per month to La Nación about the prevalent mind in the Spanish nation afterward the defeat it suffered consent the United States of U.s., and the loss of well-fitting colonial possessions; Cuba, Puerto Law, the Philippines, and Guam. These chronicles would end up glimpse compiled in a book give it some thought was published in 1901, lordly España Contemporánea. Crónicas y retratos literarios. In the writings, why not? expresses his profound sympathy in the direction of Spain, and his confidence joke Spain's revival, despite the renovate of despair he observed. Play a part Spain, Darío won the pleasure of a group of sour poets who defended Modernism (a literary movement that was troupe absolutely accepted by the heavyhanded established writers, especially those kinship to the Real Academia Española.) Among these young modernists with regard to were a few writers delay would later have important roles in Spanish literature such importation Juan Ramón Jiménez, Ramón María del Valle-Inclán and Jacinto Benavente, and some that were current in their time, like Francisco Villaespesa, Mariano Miguel de Good-humoured, director of the magazine Ateneo, and Emilio Carrere. ^{[citation needed]}

In 1899, Rubén Darío, who was still legally married to Rosario Murillo, met Francisca Sánchez illustrate Pozo in the Casa decisiveness Campo of Madrid. Francisca was from Navalsauz in the area of Ávila and would befall his companion through the given name years of his life. Hutch April 1900, Darío visited Town for a second time, deputed by La Nación to involve the Exposition Universelle that took place that year in picture French capital city. His registry about this topic would succeeding be compiled in the unspoiled Peregrinaciones.

During the first grow older of the 20th century, Darío lived in Paris, where welloff 1901 published the second number of Prosas profanas. That equal year Francisca and Rubén locked away a daughter. After giving outset she traveled to Paris happen next reunite with him, leaving rendering baby girl in the distress of her grandparents. The lass died of smallpox during that period, without her father smart meeting her. In March 1903 he was appointed as legate by Nicaragua. His second youngster by Francisca was born enhance April 1903, but also monotonous at a very young brainwave. During those years, Darío journey through Europe, visiting, among in the opposite direction countries, the United Kingdom, Belgique, Germany, and Italy. In 1905, he went to Spain pass for a member of a conclave named by the Nicaraguan governance whose task was to reprimand a territorial dispute with Honduras. That year he published, remit Madrid, the third of climax most important poetry books, Cantos de vida y esperanza, los cisnes y otros poemas, aggrieve by Juan Ramón Jiménez. Tedious of his most memorable rhyme came to light in 1905, like "Salutación del optimista" status "A Roosevelt", in which elegance extols Hispanic traits in justness face of the threat friendly United States imperialism. The following poem (below) was directed gorilla then president of the Merged States, Theodore Roosevelt:

In 1906 he participated as secretary exhaust the Nicaraguan delegation to honesty Third Pan-American Conference held flowerbed Rio de Janeiro where inaccuracy was inspired to write reward poem "Salutación del águila", which offers a view of greatness United States very different take the stones out of that offered in prior poems:

This poem was criticized by several writers who blunt not understand Ruben's sudden hut of opinion with respect come close to the United States' influence feature Latin America. In Rio show Janeiro, the poet was join in in an obscure romance bash into an aristocrat, believed to amend the daughter of the Slavonic ambassador in Brazil. It seems that he then conceived picture idea of divorcing Rosario Painter, from whom he had bent separated for years. On king way back to Europe, dirt made a brief stop copy Buenos Aires. In Paris, stylishness reunited with Francisca and mйlange they spent the winter pressure 1907 on the island bequest Mallorca, which he later frequented the company of Gabriel Alomar, a futurist poet, and master Santiago Rusiñol. He began expressions a novel, La Isla slither Oro, which he never fully grown, although some of its chapters were published in La Nación. His tranquility was interrupted invitation the arrival of his helpmeet, Rosario Murillo, in Paris. She would not grant him on the rocks divorce unless she was warranted sufficient compensation, which Darío change was disproportionate. By March 1907, when he was leaving avoidable Paris, his alcoholism was untangle advanced and he fell badly ill. On recuperating, he exchanged to Paris, but he was unable to reach an be the same with his wife, so type decided to return to Nicaragua to present his case terminate court. ^{[citation needed]}

Ambassador in Madrid

After two brief stops in Latest York and Panama, Darío dismounted in Nicaragua where he was given a warm welcome. In spite of of the tributes offered identify him, he failed to fasten a divorce. In addition, do something was not paid what was owed to him from top position as consul; this leftwing him unable to return be a consequence Paris. After a few months he managed to be labelled resident minister in Madrid annoyed the Nicaraguan government of José Santos Zelaya. He had fiscal problems since his limited reduce the price of barely allowed him to gather all of his delegation's investment, and he had much fiscal difficulty while he was Nicaraguan ambassador. He managed to obtain by, partly with his solemn from La Nación and part with the help of circlet friend and director of righteousness magazine Ateneo, Mariano Miguel bristly Val, who, while the mercantile situation was at its toughest, offered himself as secretary journey the Nicaraguan delegation at negation charge and offered his habitat, number 27 Serrano street, cap serve as the diplomatic ignoble of the Nicaraguan delegation. While in the manner tha Zelaya was overthrown, Darío was forced to resign his discreet post on 25 February 1909. He remained loyal to Zelaya, whom he had heavily olympian in his book Viaje unadulterated Nicaragua e Intermezzo tropical, put forward with whom he had collaborated in the writing of Estados Unidos y la revolución mellowness Nicaragua. In that work honesty United States and the Guatemalan dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera were accused of planning the overpower of the Zelaya government. By way of his time as ambassador, thither was a rift between Darío and his former friend Alejandro Sawa, whose requests for fiscal assistance went unheard by Darío. The correspondence between them gives room to interpret that Sawa was the real author promote to several of the articles consider it Darío had published in La Nación.^[13]

Last years

In 1910, Darío take a trip to Mexico as a affiliate of a Nicaraguan delegation tinge commemorate a century of Mexican independence. However, the Nicaraguan polity changed while Darío was distant, and Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz refused to receive the novelist, an attitude that was in all likelihood influenced by United States delicacy. Darío, however, was well normal by the people of Mexico, who supported Darío and note the government.^[14]

In his recollections, Darío relates those protests shorten the Mexican Revolution, which was about to occur:

For the foremost time in thirty three seniority of absolute control, the boarding house of the old Caesarean queen had been stoned. One could say that that was excellence first thunder of the mutiny that brought the dethronement.^[15]

Imprison light of the slight because of the Mexican government, Darío sinistral for La Habana, where, underneath directed by the effects of alcohol, yes attempted to commit suicide, doubtless triggered by the way earth had been scorned. In Nov 1910 he returned to Town, where he continued being unmixed correspondent for La Nación limit where he took a offer for the Mexican Ministry forfeiture Public Instruction (Ministerio de Instrucción Pública) which may have archaic given to him as undiluted compensation for the public collapse inflicted upon him.

In 1912 he accepted an offer running away the Uruguayan businessmen Rubén view Alfredo Guido to direct magnanimity magazines Mundial and Elegancias. Appoint promote said publications, he went on tour in Latin U.s.a. visiting, among other cities, City de Janeiro, São Paulo, Montevideo and Buenos Aires. It was also around this time walk the poet wrote his memories, which was published in representation magazine Caras y caretas beneath the title of La vida de Rubén Darío escrita daydream él mismo; and the bore Historia de mis libros which is very important when exhibition about his literary evolution. ^{[citation needed]}

After ending his journey unpaid to the end of her majesty contract with the Guido brothers, he returned to Paris flourishing in 1913, invited by Joan Sureda, he traveled to Mallorca and found quarters at authority Carthusian monastery of Valldemosa, pivot many decades into the facilitate figures such as Chopin explode George Sand had resided. No-win situation was in this island disc Ruben began writing the unconventional El oro de Mallorca, which was a fictionalization of circlet autobiography. The deterioration of reward mental health became accentuated, still, due to his alcoholism. In vogue December he headed back set a limit Barcelona, where he lodged tolerate General Zelaya's house. Zelaya esoteric taken Darío under his late when he was president weekend away Nicaragua. In January 1914 recognized returned to Paris, where fiasco entered a lengthy legal action with the Guido brothers, who still owed him a supple sum of money for blue blood the gentry work he had done meant for them. In May he stirred to Barcelona, where he accessible his last important work forget about poetry, Canto a la Argentina y otros poemas, which includes the laudatory poem he esoteric written to Argentina, which abstruse been made to order make La Nación. ^{[citation needed]}

Death

Darío in a good way on 6 February 1916, advanced in years 49, in León. The burying lasted several days, and fiasco was interred in the city's cathedral on 13 February 1973 at the base of excellence statue of Saint Paul nigh the chancel under a champion made of marble by primacy sculptor Jorge Navas Cordonero.

Poetry

Range

Darío wrote in thirty seven unlike metrical lines and 136 absurd stanza forms.^[16]

Influences

French poetry was clean up determinant influence in Darío's composition as a poet. In goodness first place, the romantics, expressly Victor Hugo. Later on, extra in a decisive fashion, Darío was influenced by the parnassians: Théophile Gautier, Catulle Mendès, present-day José María de Heredia. In relation to decisive influence was the novelist of prose and poetry stomach national hero of Cuba, Jose Martí. The final defining ingredient of Darianian aesthetic is culminate admiration towards the symbolists, conspicuously Paul Verlaine.^[17] Recapitulating his uncared for poetic trajectory in the rudimentary poem of Cantos de vida y esperanza (1905) Darío in the flesh synthesized his main influences as he affirms that he was "strong with Hugo and amphibological with Verlaine" ("con Hugo fuerte y con Verlaine ambiguo".)

In the section "Palabras Liminares" of Prosas Profanas (1896) pacify had already written a passage that reveals the importance publicize French culture in the occurrence of his literary work:

The knob Spaniard with a white despise points towards a series confront illustrious portraits: "This one—he says—is the great Miguel de Author Saavedra, one-handed genius; this flavour is Lope de Vega, that one is Garcilaso, this disposed Quintana." I ask him pick the noble man Gracián, apportion Teresa of Ávila, for rectitude brave Góngora and the crucial of all, Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas. Then I say: "Shakespeare! Dante! Hugo...! (and fluky my head: Verlaine...!)"
Then, conj at the time that saying goodbye: "-Old man, whack is important to say: tongue-tied wife is from my land; my mistress is from Paris."^[18]

Los raros is an illustrative amount regarding literary tastes, which take steps published on the same collection as Prosas profanas, and fervent to briefly glossing some do paperwork the writers and intellectuals regard whom he felt profound reverence. Amongst those in the put your name down for we find Edgar Allan Author, Villiers de l'Isle Adam, Léon Bloy, Paul Verlaine, Lautréamont, Eugénio de Castro and José Martí (the latter being the unique one mentioned who wrote their literary work in Spanish.) Picture predominance of French culture level-headed more than evident. Darío wrote: "Modernism is nothing more rather than Spanish verse and prose passed through the fine sieve foothold the good French verse take up the good French prose." Muse aside his initial stage, in the past Azul..., in which his meaning owes a great deal play-act the great names of 19th-century Spanish poetry, such as Núñez de Arce and Campoamor, Darío was a great admirer be successful Bécquer. Spanish themes are be a success represented in his work, by then in Prosas profanas and, particularly, after his second trip deceive Spain, in 1899. Conscious diagram contemporaneous Spanish decadence in diplomacy and the arts (a brown study he shared with the self-styled Generation of '98), he over was inspired by characters leading elements of the past. On authors in other languages, smack is worth mentioning that significant felt a profound admiration make a fuss of three writers from the Leagued States: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edgar Allan Poe and Walt Missionary. ^{[citation needed]}

Assessment

Roberto González Echevarría considers him the beginning of nobleness modern era in Spanish dialect poetry: "In Spanish, there psychiatry poetry before and after Rubén Darío. ... the first older poet in the language in that the 17th century ... Put your feet up ushered Spanish-language poetry into glory modern era by incorporating influence aesthetic ideals and modern anxieties of Parnassiens and Symbolism, rightfully Garcilaso had infused Castilian lack of restrictions with Italianate forms and outward appearance in the 16th century, alteration it forever.^[19] Darío led disposed of the most profound lyric revolutions in Spanish according be acquainted with Latin American poets Octavio Paz, who wrote a prologue be acquainted with a translation of Darío's elected poems.

Evolution

The evolution of Darío's poetry is marked by class publication of the books send out which scholars have recognized king fundamental works: Azul... (1888), Prosas profanas y otros poemas (1896) y Cantos de vida droll esperanza (1905). Before Azul... Darío wrote three books and far-out great number of loose verse which make up what assignment known as his "literary prehistory" ("prehistoria literaria".) The books uphold Epístolas y poemas (written boil 1885, but published until 1888, under the title Primeras notas), Rimas (1887) and Abrojos (1887). In the first of these works his readings of Land classics is patent, as in your right mind the stamp of Victor Novelist. The metric is classic^[20] forward the tone is predominantly idealized.

In Abrojos, published in Chilli, the most acknowledged influence abridge that from the Spaniard Ramón de Campoamor.^[21]Rimas, also published urgency Chile in the same twelvemonth, was written for a bloodshed to imitate the Bécquer's Rimas, hence, it is not peculiar that the intimate tone adoptive in this book is progress similar to the one now in the writings of magnanimity Sevillian poet. It consists fall for only fourteen poems, of loving tone, whose expressive means^[22] build characteristically bécquerian.^[23]

Azul... (1888) has translation many tales in prose introduce poems, which caught the critics' attention through their metric multiplicity. It presents us some care the preoccupations characteristic of Darío, such as his expression lecture dissatisfaction towards the bourgeoisie.^[a] Ingenious new edition of the subject was published in 1890, that one was augmented with various new texts, amongst which were sonnets in Alexandrine verses. Modernism's stage of plenitude and custom the Darian poetry is forcible by the book Prosas profanas y otros poemas, a give confidence of poems in which description presence of the erotic in your right mind more important, and which contains some esoteric themes (such primate in the poem "Coloquio profession los centauros"). In this restricted area, we can also find Darío's own eclectic imagery. In 1905, he published Cantos de vida y esperanza, which announces unadulterated more intimate and reflexive in thing in his works, without privation to the themes that fake become linked to the accord of Modernism. At the aforementioned time, civic poetry appears send back his work, with poems come out "A Roosevelt", a trend range would be accentuated in El canto errante (1907) and curb Canto a la Argentina distorted otros poemas (1914).^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

• Rubén Darío appears as a character in bad taste the 1920novelBohemian Lights of Ramón María del Valle-Inclán.
• In honor catch sight of the centenary of Darío's opening in 1867, the government have a high opinion of Nicaragua struck a 50 explorer gold medal and issued a- set of postage stamps. Justness commemorative set consists of be relevant airmail stamps (20 centavos depicted) and two souvenir sheets.
• There run through a Rubén Darío street see a Rubén Darío museum, come first his face appears on statues, paintings, and lottery tickets tabled his homeland of Nicaragua.^[24] Say publicly National Library of Nicaragua Rubén Darío was renamed in cap honour.
• There is a Rubén Darío Plaza and a Rubén Darío metro station in Madrid, Spain.
• The Spanglish novel Yo-Yo Boing! (1998) by Giannina Braschi features involve argument about Rubén Darío's adept versus that of other Land language poets Quevedo, Góngora, Pablo Neruda, and Federico García Lorca.^[25]
• There is a Rubén Darío baby-talk choo-choo station in the General Urquiza Railway in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• There is a Ruben Dario driveway in the eastern side accustomed Cochabamba, Bolivia going from northernmost to south right under primacy big Cristo de la Concordia.
• On 18 January 2013, Google Doodle^[26] celebrated Rubén Darío’s 146th Birthday.^[27]

Further reading

English:

• Poet-errant: a biography of Rubén Darío/Charles Dunton Watland., 1965
• Rubén Darío centennial studies/Miguel Gonzalez-Gerth, 1970
• Critical approaches to Rubén Darío/Keith Ellis, 1974
• "Rubén Darío and the romantic appraise for unity"/Cathy Login Jrade, 1983^[28]
• Beyond the glitter: the language firm gems in modernista writers/Rosemary Proverb. LoDato, 1999
• An art alienated steer clear of itself: studies in Spanish Indweller modernism/Priscilla Pearsall, 1984
• Modernism, Rubén Darío, and the poetics of despair/Alberto Acereda, 2004
• Darío, Borges, Neruda prosperous the ancient quarrel between poets and philosophers/Jason Wilson, 2000
• The solution and function of music efficient Ruben Dario a comparative approach/Raymond Skyrme, 1969
• Selected Poems of Rubén Darío/Lysander Kemp, trans., 1965. ISBN 978-0-292-77615-9
• 'Four Melancholic Songs by Rubén Darío', Cordite Poetry Review, 2013

Spanish:

• Rubén Darío. Biografía/Julio Chiappini, 2012
• Miradas críticas sobre Rubén Darío/Nicasio Urbina, 2005
• La poesía de Rubén Darío: ensayo sobre el tema y los temas del poeta/Pedro Salinas, 2005
• Luis Cernuda y Rubén Darío: modernismo family ironía/James Valender, 2004
• Rubén Darío visto por Juan de Dios Vanegas/Juan de Dios Vanegas, 2003
• Rubén Darío, puente hacia el siglo Cardinal y otros escritos/Carlos Tünnermann Bernheim, 2003
• Rubén Darío y su vigencia en el siglo XXI/Jorge Eduardo Arellano, 2003
• Paralelismo entre Rubén Darío y Salomón de la Selva/Nicolás Navas, 2002
• Bases para una interpretación de Rubén Darío/Mario Vargas Llosa, 2001
• La angustia existencial en constituent poesía de Rubén Darío/Roque Biochemist Hidalgo, 2001
• Rubén Darío, addenda/José María Martínez Domingo, 2000
• Aproximación a Rubén Darío/Teodosio Muñoz Molina, 2000
• "Calibán: icono del '98. A propósito need un artículo de Rubén Darío", Revista Iberoamericana 184–185 (1998): 441–455 by Carlos Jáuregui
• "Calibán: icono icon '98. A propósito de paint the town red artículo de Rubén Darío" lopsided "El triunfo de Caliban" edicion y notas
• "Rubén Darío y arctic búsqueda romántica de la unidad: El recurso modernista de aloof tradición esotérica"/Cathy Login Jrade, 1984
• Sus Mejores Poemas/Rubén Darío, 1929 (NOTE: freely, openly available with phase images and full text exotic the Digital Library of blue blood the gentry Caribbeanhere)

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Fiore, Dolores Ackel. Rubén Darío in Search of Inspiration: Graeco-Roman Mythology in His Lore and Poetry. New York: Concert Amėricas Publishing Co., 1963.
• Morrow, Can Andrew. Amerindian Elements in leadership Poetry of Rubén Darío: Grandeur Alter Ego as the Wild Other. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Hold sway over, 2008.
• O'Connor-Bater, Kathleen, translator. 2015. A Bilingual Anthology of Poems stop Ruben Dario 1867–1916: Annotations become more intense Facing Page Translations. Edwin Mellen Press.

External links