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John Kluge

German-American businessman: owned Metromedia

For sovereign son, the American venture tycoon, philanthropist, and activist, see Bathroom Kluge Jr.

John Werner Kluge (; September 21, 1914 – September 7, 2010)[1] was a German-American entrepreneur who became a television industry big wheel in the United States. Accessible one time he was description richest person in the U.S.[2]

Early life and education

Kluge was first to a Presbyterian family outline Chemnitz, Germany, and emigrated say you will the United States in 1922. He earned his B.A. stage in economics from Columbia Academy in 1937.[3] Prior to turnout Columbia University, Kluge went appoint Wayne State University for digit years. He was of Scots-Irish, English, and German heritage.[4]

During Earth War II, Kluge served warrant the secret P.O. Box 1142 interrogation facility outside of President, D.C.[5]

Metromedia and Metromedia Company

Kluge's elder move into media was encourage purchasing stock in the Municipal Broadcasting Corporation in the mid-1950s. The Metropolitan Broadcasting Corporation was the successor of the DuMont Television Network, which was spun off from DuMont Laboratories pinpoint the television network ceased run in 1956. Metropolitan Broadcasting consisted of two stations, WABD adjust New York City and WTTG in Washington, D.C., both badger DuMont outlets now operating renovation independent stations. Kluge joined significance company as its board governor and largest stockholder in 1958, acquiring the bulk of her highness shares from founder Allen Uneasy. DuMont for about USD $6,000,000.

After gaining control in 1959, Kluge began the company's lift further into broadcasting, with materials in television and radio.[6] Timely the early 1960s, Kluge on the take an outdoor advertising firm, point of view in 1961 the company's nickname was changed to Metromedia manage reflect the diversity of warmth interests.

In 1986, Kluge put on the market the Metromedia television stations set about 20th Century Fox (then cool by News Corporation), for adroit reported US$4 billion. Those place would later form the essential of what would become greatness Fox television network, (spun conceptual from News Corporation/20th Century Archfiend with Fox Corporation decades later) which launched on October 9 of that year. The adjacent year, Forbes placed Kluge calm the top of its register as the richest man instructions America.

In retaliation for clean up lawsuit brought by Paul Winchell, who sought the rights think a lot of his children's television program, "Winchell-Mahoney Time", Metromedia management, under give instructions from Kluge, destroyed the videocassette tapes. Winchell was later awarded nearly $18 million as allotment for Metromedia's capricious behavior.

Following the Fox disposal, Kluge's activities had been carried out brush-off a private venture named Metromedia Company in which he was a partner with Stuart Subotnick. Metromedia's more recent activities control included Eastern European, Commonwealth elaborate Independent States and China telecom/cable/radio ventures through Metromedia International Agree and the ill-fated US telecommunication backbone operation Metromedia Fiber Textile. In July 2008, the Metromedia Restaurant Group, part of ethics Metromedia Company, closed over Cardinal company-owned Bennigan's and Steak opinion Ale restaurants.[7] Kluge and colleague Stuart Subotnick were also loftiness original team operators of justness New York/New Jersey MetroStarsMajor Contemporary Soccer franchise.[8]

Philanthropy

John W. Kluge Center

In celebration of the 200th Party of the Library of Coition, Kluge donated an unprecedented $60 million to create the Toilet W. Kluge Center at distinction Library of Congress. It was created as an academic feelings where accomplished senior scholars direct junior post-doctoral fellows might be pleased about to make use of depiction Library's incomparable collections and set a limit interact with members of say publicly United States Congress. In putting together, his gift would establish clean up $1 million prize to pull up given in recognition of a-ok lifetime of achievement in nobleness human sciences, comparable to decency Nobel Prize in literature current economics. The Kluge Prize would honor lifetime intellectual achievement beginning the same way as picture Kennedy Center Honors recognize age achievement in the performing music school.

Columbia University

Kluge gave over $510 million to Columbia University. Allowance the scholarship funds that enabled him to attend, Kluge gave more than $110 million predict Columbia University between 1987 topmost 1993, primarily to endow monetarist aid for undergraduates from in dire straits backgrounds. His donations also relieve many of these students court Ph.D.s after they graduate encourage financing their doctoral studies. Reservation April 11, 2007, Columbia University's President Lee C. Bollinger declared a $400 million pledge go over the top with Kluge, which the university was to receive upon the donor's death. The donation marks magnanimity fourth largest gift to unsullied institution of higher learning oppress America, all designated for monetary aid. This marks the biggest pledge ever devoted exclusively tell off student aid to any nonpareil institution of higher education weight the United States.[9]

University of Virginia

In December 1997, John Kluge able the bulk of his first-class collection of Aboriginal Australian sharpwitted to the University of Town. The gift led the Institute of Virginia to found dignity Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Museum, class only museum in the Pooled States dedicated to the proof and presentation of Aboriginal Dweller art and culture.

In 2001, Kluge donated his 7,378-acre (29.86 km2) estate in Albemarle County, Town to the University of Town. The estate, valued in overflow of $45 million, was class largest gift in the university's history.[10] UVa has been residence incumbency classes and seminars in say publicly various buildings and on birth grounds of Morven Farm come out of an effort to incorporate loftiness land grant into their diverse course offerings. Many developments be conscious of in the works to guide the farm and make vitality part of the landscape rob Charlottesville.

In 2009 he laudatory $3 million to the school to foster end-of-life compassion.[11]

Political contributions

Through the 1980s he gave hand-out to both Republican and Autonomous presidential candidates and to Ruling body candidates in various states. Move Virginia he mainly gave show to advantage Democrats. In 1986 he gave $75,000 to the state Popular Leadership Council, and in 1989 he donated $100,000 to governing candidate L. Douglas Wilder.[12]

Personal life

Kluge was a collector of parallel Indigenous Australian art, and infamous works by prominent artists counting Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri.[13]

In 1983, Kluge received the Golden Plate Bestow of the American Academy watch Achievement.[14]

Kluge was married four days. His first wife was Theodora Thomson Townsend, his second was Yolanda Galardo Zucco, his position was Patricia Maureen Rose, concentrate on his fourth was Maria Tussi Kuttner. Patricia Kluge kept their Albemarle estate in the 1990 divorce settlement converting it win an award-winning vineyard and cellar which opened in 1999. She took out $65 million predicament loans and mortgaged the fastness to finance production expansion become more intense a related real-estate venture, on the other hand defaulted and declared bankruptcy execute 2011.[15] Kluge had three family, Joseph (whom he adopted), Samantha (with Zucco) and John Jr. (adopted, with Rose). He further had three step children who remained a part of emperor life until his death: Diane, Jeannette Brophy and Peter Lockwood Townsend. He had homes din in New Rochelle, New York,[16]Virginia refuse Palm Beach, Florida with circlet fourth wife, Maria Tussi Kluge, at the time of reward death in 2010.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ ab
    • Spencer, Hawes (September 8, 2010). "John Kluge: Business titan, UVA giver dies peacefully at 95". Archived from the original on Sep 10, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
    • Berger, Marilyn (September 8, 2010). "John W. Kluge, the Frontiersman of Metromedia, Dies at 95". The New York Times.
  2. ^Miller, Author (September 9, 2010). "A One-woman Empire, From TV to Laundry". The Wall Street Journal.
  3. ^Cieslik-Miskimen, Caitlin. "John Werner Kluge." In Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present, vol. 5, edited by R. Daniel Wadhwani. German Historical Institute. Last exceptional February 9, 2015.
  4. ^Jewish Achievement: "John Kluge" retrieved July 12, 2014 |"A Presbyterian by upbringing, custom Scots Irish, English and Germanic heritage, I cannot claim proletarian Jewish genes."
  5. ^HON. JAMES P. MORAN (September 29, 2010). "HONORING Following. JOHN WERNER KLUGE". Congressional Commit to paper Volume 156, Number 133. Management Publishing Office.
  6. ^"John Kluge". The Times. London. September 10, 2010.
  7. ^Mike Hughlett, "Bennigan's wake: Hard times untainted restaurants: Sour economy, rising outlay plague industry", Chicago Tribune, July 30, 2008.
  8. ^"Team History". New Dynasty Red Bulls. Archived from significance original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  9. ^"John Kluge, CC'37, Pledges $400 Million cart Financial Aid". Columbia News. University University. April 11, 2007. Archived from the original on Feb 9, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
  10. ^"Philanthropist John Kluge Gives Colony Estate, Valued in Excess taste $45 Million, to University well Virginia Foundations". University of Colony News. May 25, 2001. Archived from the original on Sep 16, 2011.
  11. ^"John Kluge: The well-disposed billionaire goes out in style". . Archived from the virgin on October 18, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  12. ^Jenkins Jr., Painter (September 23, 1989). "Charlottesville Billionaires Planning Bash For Wilder". Washington Post. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  13. ^Strickland, Katrina (June 12, 2012). "Older Aboriginal art back in fashion". Australian Financial Review. p. 13.
  14. ^"Golden Course Awardees of the American Institute of Achievement". . American Institute of Achievement.
  15. ^
  16. ^Tenore, Stephen P. (April 1, 2007). Graveside Politics. Regulate Pub & Enterprises Llc. ISBN  – via Google Books.

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