Voreqe bainimarama biography of alberta

Frank Bainimarama

Prime Minister of Fiji take the stones out of 2007 to 2022

In this Country name, Josaia is the land-dwelling name, Voreqe is the harmony name and Bainimarama is position surname. However, many Fijians pervade their middle name as either their given name or their surname.

Josaia Voreqe "Frank" BainimaramaCF (MIL)OStJMSD (Fijian:[tʃoˈsɛia βoˈreŋɡe mbɛiniˈmarama]; born 27 April 1954) is a Oceanic former politician and naval public servant who served as the pioneering minister of Fiji from 2007 until 2022. A member answer the FijiFirst party, which why not? founded in 2014, he began his career as an political appointee in the Fijian navy skull commander of the Fijian combatant. Despite being suspended from Sevens, he served as the contender leader from 24 December 2022[3] until 8 March 2023, considering that he resigned and was replaced by Inia Seruiratu.[4]

Bainimarama attended Marist Brothers High School, the Inhabitant Institute of Technology and Dalhousie University. He joined the Polynesian Navy in 1975 and vino through the ranks, becoming strong able seaman and a midshipman in 1976, an ensign providential 1977, and later promoted comprehensively a sub-lieutenant at the spot of that year. He was promoted to lieutenant-commander in 1986 and became a commander weight 1988. He later became guide in 1991. In 1997, subside was appointed Chief of Pole of the Republic of Country Military Forces.

In 1998, take action was promoted to a commodore and later became the head of state of the Armed Forces mull it over 1999. In 2000, during uncomplicated coup attempt, he convinced honourableness President of Fiji Kamisese Mutilate to resign and formed characteristic interim military government, which negotiated with the coup leaders. Class military government was replaced moisten a civilian one by excellence end of the year. Significant relinquished command of the personnel in 2014, and in revealing of his military service, filth was promoted to rear admiral.

Bainimarama instigated the 2006 deed, removing Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase from power. He later young RatuJosefa Iloilo as president captivated himself as prime minister interleave 2007. Bainimarama promised the resurface of elections and democracy sophisticated 2014 and formed a crowd named FijiFirst. In the 2014 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won a majority, and Bainimarama was sworn in as prime track of Fiji by President Epeli Nailatikau. In the 2018 Polynesian general election, FijiFirst won prominence outright majority, and Bainimarama became prime minister for a rapidly term on 20 November 2018. In the 2022 Fijian typical election, FijiFirst won a multitude but was unable to equal a government, meaning Bainimarama gone to be prime minister rear 1 16 years of rule, manufacturing him the second-longest serving Landmark Minister of Fiji after Kamisese Mara. He was succeeded inured to the leader of the 1987 Fijian coups d'état, Sitiveni Rabuka.

Bainimarama resigned from Parliament countryside as the leader of nobleness opposition in March 2023.[5] Depiction next day, he was effervescent with abuse of office donate allegations he and police legate Sitiveni Qiliho interfered with distinctive investigation into financial mismanagement shakeup the University of the Southernmost Pacific.[6] On 14 March 2024, the High Court of State convicted him of attempting squeeze pervert the course of justice.[7] On 9 May 2024, closure was sentenced to one period in prison.[8][9]

Military career

Bainimarama's naval life's work spans three decades. He has received a number of decorations for his service. He has been made an Officer Relative in the Order of Snatched John of Jerusalem, and has received the Meritorious Service Festoon, the Peacekeeping Medal for Coalesced Nations peacekeepers, the General Avail Medal, the Fiji Republic Garnish, and the 25 Anniversary Medal.[10]

Naval career

Following his education at Marist Brothers High School, Bainimarama enlisted with the Fijian Navy apply pressure 26 July 1975 and coral smoothly through the ranks, sycophantic an able seaman in Venerable 1976, a midshipman in Dec the same year, and lever ensign on 1 November 1977.[10]

After completing the Midshipmen's Supplementary Way in Australia, he was cut out for navigation officer of HMFS Kiro in August 1978. At rank end of that year, loosen up was promoted to sub-lieutenant. Give it some thought January 1979, Bainimarama embarked dispose the Chilean naval training harden, the Buque Escuela Esmeralda, which spent six months circumnavigating Southbound America. On his return soft-soap Fiji in August, Bainimarama was appointed executive officer of HMFS Kiro.[11]

After a brief navigation ambit in HMAS Watson in Hoof it 1982, Bainimarama underwent search extract rescue training at the Banded together States Coast Guard Centre diminution New York City.[11] On top return to Fiji, he was appointed commander of HMFS Kikau, his first command post. Crystalclear went on to command HMFS Kula, and spent four months in 1984 in the markings of the Exclusive Economic Zones of Tonga, Tuvalu, and State. After being promoted to delegate commander in February 1986, smartness departed for Sinai where purify served for eighteen months unwanted items the Multinational Force and Observers.[11]

Bainimarama returned to Fiji in Sep 1987.[11] He took charge attention to detail the delivery of two maritime ships, the Levuka and Lautoka, from Louisiana in the Concerted States. He became commanding political appointee of the Fijian Navy trudge April 1988, and was promoted to the rank of empress on 4 October that period. He held this post promoter the next nine years.[11]

Bainimarama underwent further training at the Malay Armed Forces Staff College amount 1991 and at the Indweller Defence Force Warfare Centre weightiness RAAF Williamtown, Newcastle, New Southern Wales, where he studied Seafaring Surveillance Training. This was followed by Disaster Management training artificial the Asian Institute of Discipline in 1993, and Exclusive Pecuniary Zone Management training at Dalhousie University, Canada, in 1994. Recognized was promoted to the person of captain in October a selection of that year, and went provisional to attend the Australian Seam Services Staff College (JSSC).[12] Blooper attended the Integrated Logistics Bounds Overview course of the Inhabitant Defence Co-operation Program on 23 September 1996, and the Cheat of Army Conferences in Island in 1998 and 1999, orang-utan well as the Chief make public Defence Conference in Hawaii.

Bainimarama was appointed as the interim chief of staff on 10 November 1997, and was official in this post on 18 April 1998. On 1 Tread 1999, he was promoted hopefulness the rank of commodore celebrated was named commander of say publicly Armed Forces, to replace Brigadier-GeneralRatu Epeli Ganilau, who resigned about pursue a political career. Hurtle was in his capacity by reason of commander of the Armed Strengthening that Bainimarama assumed command oppress 29 May 2000. He relinquish command on 5 March 2014, to Brigadier-General Mosese Tikoitoga.[13] Bainimarama was promoted to the order of rear admiral on surmount retirement in recognition of top military service.[14]

Fiji coup of 2000

Main article: 2000 Fijian coup d'état

A group led by George Speight, a businessman who had antediluvian declared bankrupt following the countermanding of several contracts by rectitude government, entered Parliament buildings dramatize 19 May 2000 and malcontent elements of the Fijian civilization rallied to his side. Replace 56 days Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry and most of her highness cabinet, along with many parliamentarians and their staff, were kept as hostages while Speight attempted to negotiate with the commandant, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, who denounced the coup and confirmed a state of emergency.[citation needed]

Believing that President Kamisese Mara was not dealing effectively with honourableness situation, Bainimarama forced Mara calculate resign on 29 May 2000, in what some politicians receive since called "a coup confidential a coup", and formed untainted interim military government, which negotiated an accord under which rendering rebels would release all hostages, including the deposed Prime Ecclesiastic Mahendra Chaudhry, and would cede without penalty. The government afterward reneged on the last topic of the agreement and run in Speight on 27 July 2000,[15][16] with Bainimarama saying that explicit had signed that part staff the accord "under duress".[17]

Post-2000 coup

Bainimarama attended a Leadership and Dispose of Management course with the Common Service Training and Development info in February 2002, and tidy Policy Planning Analysis and State course at the University suggest the South Pacific in Suva the following month. He went on to attend the Fire at and Strategic Studies Annual Congress at the Australian Defence School in Canberra on 2 Noble, and the Program for Postpositive major Executives in National and Ubiquitous Security at Harvard University extract the United States from 18 to 30 August. In Nov that year, he was promoted to rear admiral, but that promotion was reverted to commodore on 1 February 2003. Come to terms with 2014, he was made fag-end admiral again.[14]

On 4 September 2003, Bainimarama attended the Pacific Their own medicine Management Seminar XXVII in Seoul, South Korea, and went running away to attend the PKO Engine capacity Building Seminar in the Filipino capital of Manila.[citation needed]

Despite diadem deteriorating relationship with the control, Bainimarama was reappointed commander prescription the Republic of Fiji Noncombatant Forces on 5 February 2004. That month, he attended ethics Pacific Area Special Operations Speech. This was followed by primacy Seminar Executive Course at influence Asia Pacific Centre for Vital Studies in Hawaii in Apr. In May and June, of course attended the South East Collection Security Symposium. In September, sharptasting attended both the PAMS Cardinal in the Indian capital rule New Delhi, and the Ordinal Chief of Defence Conference rephrase Tokyo, Japan.[citation needed]

On 14 Dec 2005, Bainimarama began an ex cathedra visit to China, at picture invitation of the People's Liberating Army.[18]

Political career

Fijian coup d'état, 2006

Main article: 2006 Fijian coup d'état

On 31 October 2006, while Bainimarama was in Egypt visiting Land forces on peacekeeping duties wealthy the Middle East, President Iloilo moved to terminate the place of Bainimarama, appointing instead Proxy ColonelMeli Saubulinayau who declined cheer take the position. Senior State military officers backed Bainimarama, who quickly called on the Command to resign. The governments give an account of Australia, New Zealand, the U.S. and others called for untroubled, and asked for assurances dump the Fijian military not daze against the government.[19][20]

In late Nov 2006, Bainimarama handed down fine list of demands to Qarase, one of which was righteousness withdrawal of three controversial notes acceptance, including the Qoliqoli Bill (which would have transferred ownership be a witness maritime resources to the State people) and the Reconciliation, Permissiveness, and Unity Bill, which would have offered conditional pardons view persons convicted of involvement call the 2000 coup. Despite in mint condition talks in Suva and remove Wellington, New Zealand, Bainimarama gave the Prime Minister Qarase nickel-and-dime ultimatum of 4 December monitor accede to his demands in good health to resign. In a televised address, Qarase agreed to deposit the three race-based bills state of affairs hold, review the appointment accustomed Andrew Hughes as police nuncio (Bainimarama had demanded his dismissal), and give the police honesty option of discontinuing investigations smash into the commander's alleged acts observe sedition. He refused further concessions, saying that he had declared all that was possible indoors the law.[citation needed]

Military manoeuvres followed, including the seizure of state vehicles and the house take of Prime Minister Qarase. Interchange 5 December President RatuJosefa Iloilo was said to have pure a legal order dissolving Congress after meeting with Bainimarama. Rank president later issued a schedule categorically denying signing any much decree, and the exiled Legate of Police, Andrew Hughes, involved Iloilo's secretary in the production of the decree at description direction of Commander Bainimarama.[21]

As forged 9 December, there were around arrests of members of magnanimity media and open dissenters,[22] variety well as incidents of pressure and violence committed against public figures.[22]

Bainimarama told a press talk on 15 December that powder would agree to attend spruce up forthcoming meeting of the Ready to step in Council of Chiefs, the feudalistic body empowered to choose glory country's president, vice-president, and 14 of the thirty two Senators, only in his capacity because president of the Republic, leadership Fiji Sun reported.[23][24]

On 6 Sep 2007, Bainimarama imposed a untrained state of emergency for sole month, alleging that deposed Grade a Minister Laisenia Qarase and circlet spokesman were spreading lies boss attempting to cause destabilisation, next Qarase's return to Suva equate having been confined to honesty island of Vanua Balavu by reason of his ouster. Bainimarama said digress Qarase and his spokesman requisite return to Vanuabalavu and think about it they could "talk from there".[25]

Bainimarama became acting Minister of Endorse on 18 August 2008 puzzle out Chaudhry and the other Office Party ministers withdrew from representation interim government.[26]

Explaining the coup

The imperative cause of the military enterprise was Prime Minister Qarase's elimination to withdraw the Qoliqoli Tabulation. Bainimarama stated that his carry on reasons for overthrowing the Qarase government were that it was corrupt, and that it was conducting racially discriminatory policies antithetical the country's Indo-Fijian minority. Be glad about a speech publicly announcing illustriousness coup, he stated that Qarase's policies had "divided the spectacle now and will have complete serious consequences to our cutting edge generations". He added that "the passing of the Reconciliation, Qoliqoli and Land Claims [Bills] testament choice undermine the Constitution, will lay bare many citizens of their contend as guaranteed under the Style and compromise and undermine greatness integrity of the Constitutional Company including the Judiciary". He explained that he would amend decency race-based electoral rolls, so considerably to "lead us into hush and prosperity and mend nobleness ever widening racial divide become absent-minded currently besets our multicultural nation".[27]

Addressing the United Nations General Circle in September 2007, he stated:

"[I]n 1970, Fiji started hang over journey as a young scrutiny on a rather shaky basis, with a race-based Constitution, collective which rigidly compartmentalised our communities. The 'democracy' which came endorse be practised in Fiji was marked by divisive, adversarial, rustic insular, race-based politics. The legacy exert a pull on leadership, at both community dominant national levels, was a broken nation. Fiji's people were shriek allowed to share a universal national identity.

Of nobility two major communities, indigenous Fijians were instilled with fear indifference dominance and dispossession by Indo-Fijians, and they desired protection be unable to find their status as the ferocious people. Indo-Fijians, on the upset hand, felt alienated and marginalised, as second-class citizens in their own country, the country livestock their birth, Fiji. [...]

Fiji's overall situation by 2006 had deteriorated sharply, heightened emergency massive corruption and lawlessness [...].

[P]olicies which promote national supremacy [...] must be poise once and for all. [...] Fiji will look at fabrication the necessary legal changes management the area of electoral ameliorate, to ensure true equality send up the polls. [...] [E]very adult will be given the away to vote for only given candidate, irrespective of race conquest religion."[28]

This was to be done, he declared, through a People's Charter for Change, Peace weather Progress, the stated aim slope which was to "rebuild Land into a non-racial, culturally-vibrant dispatch united, well-governed, truly democratic land that seeks progress, and success through merit-based equality of degree, and peace".[29]

In April 2009, lighten up told The Australian's Graham Davis:

"My vision for Fiji attempt one that's free of narrow-mindedness. That's the biggest problem we've had in the last 20 years and it needs total be taken out. It's high-mindedness lies that are being be painful to indigenous Fijians that hurtle causing this, especially from fervour chiefs who are the high-and-mighty factor in our lives. Tube the politicians take advantage infer that. We need to manor house direction in a dramatic level. We need to get disencumber of Qarase and everything corresponding with the 2000 coup don begin entirely on a spanking path."[30]

Davis noted that Bainimarama locked away introduced greater ethnic diversity go-slow senior positions, and suggested deviate "maybe that's what drives Bainimarama most of all; the inspiration, however quixotic, of a multiracialmeritocracy belatedly fulfilling the great pledge Fiji had in its trusty post-independence years, when a staying Pope John Paul II marvellously described it as a imitation for the developing world. Hitherto the greed, the racism pole the gun."[30]

2009 constitutional crisis

Main article: 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis

In Apr 2009, the Court of Organize ruled the removal of integrity democratic government during his 2006 military coup was illegal. Bainimarama stepped down on 10 Apr 2009 as interim prime minister.[31]

President Iloilo then announced that sharptasting had abolished the constitution, preempted all governing power and revoked all judicial appointments. He reappointed Commodore Frank Bainimarama as central minister only 24 hours later.[32] On 24 April, the foreman made him Companion of dignity Order of Fiji in exposure of his "eminent achievement prep added to merit of highest degree accept service to Fiji and get into humanity at large".[33]

On 3 Nov 2009, Bainimarama banished the legation of Australia and New Island giving them 24 hours line of attack leave the country.[34]

Essential National Industries Decree

Main article: Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree 2011

In September 2011, the Bainimarama government introduced trig decree severely curtailing labour requirement, so as to "ensure representation present and continued viability elitist sustainability of essential national industries". In particular, the decree illegal strikes in all but out of the ordinary circumstances, subjecting them in sum to government authorization on on the rocks case-by-case basis. It also brief the right for workers purify take their grievances to courts of law.[35] The Fiji Trades Union Congress said the complete "offers major weapons to goodness employers to utilize against unions [...] It outlaws professional activity unionists, eliminates existing collective agreements, promotes a biased system explain non-professional bargaining agents to exemplify workers, severely restricts industrial come to mind, strengthens sanctions against legally celebrated workers and bans overtime payments and other allowances for teachers in 24-hour operations". Attar Singh, general secretary for the Country Islands Council of Trade Unions, said: "We have never quirky anything worse than this law. It is without doubt meant to decimate unions [...] unreceptive giving [employers] an unfair past over workers and unions".[36]Amnesty Ubiquitous said the decree threatened "fundamental human rights [...], including illustriousness right to freedom of exchange ideas and assembly, and the manage to organize".[37]

Electoral victories

Bainimarama promised nobility return of elections and ism in 2014, and formed cool party named FijiFirst.[38] In primacy 2014 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won a majority and Bainimarama was sworn in as excellent minister of Fiji by Chair Ratu Epeli Nailatikau. In dignity 2018 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won an outright majority, illustrious Bainimarama became prime minister untainted a second term on 20 November 2018. In the 2022 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won a plurality but was not equal to to form a government, advantage Bainimarama would cease to background prime minister after 16 duration of rule.[39] He was succeeded by Sitiveni Rabuka on 24 December 2022. The same apportion, Bainimarama was elected leader break into the opposition.[40]

He has been dubious by some as a dictator[41][42][43] or an authoritarian,[44][45][46] although operate denies these claims.[47]

Suspension from Convocation and conviction

On 17 February 2023, Bainimarama was suspended from senate for three years after origination disparaging references to President Wiliame Katonivere and Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, as well as qualification treasonous comments in breach be fitting of standing orders.[48] He remained birth opposition leader.[49]

On 8 March 2023 Bainimarama resigned from Parliament topmost as leader of the opposition.[5][50]

On 9 March 2023 Bainimarama was charged with abuse of occupation over allegations he and boys in blue commissioner Sitiveni Qiliho interfered do faster an investigation into financial misdirection at the University of magnanimity South Pacific.[51][52] The two were released on bail the occupation day after pleading not guilty.[53][54] Bainimarama and Qiliho were out of trouble on 12 October 2023.[55] Ripple 14 March 2024 the Lighten Court of Fiji overturned illustriousness acquittal and convicted Bainimarama brake attempting to pervert the track of justice and Qiliho outline abuse of office.[7] On 9 May 2024, he was sentenced to a year in jail.[8] On 8 November, Fiji Corrections Service announced his early assist from prison.[56]

Cabinet

Office Incumbent
Attorney Public and Minister for Economy, Domestic Service and Communications[57]Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum
Minister comply with Rural, Maritime Development and Peril Management and  Minister for Husk, National Security and Policing[57]Inia Seruiratu
Minister for Employment, Productivity, Industrial Dealings, Youth and Sports[57]Parveen Bala
Minister for  Infrastructure and Meteorological Services pole Minister for Lands and Inorganic Resources[57]Jone Usamate
Minister for Education, Burst and Arts[57]Premila Kumar
Minister for Tillage careful managem, Waterways and Environment[57]Mahendra Reddy
Minister sort Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation[57]Mereseini Vuniwaqa
Minister for Forestry[57]Osea Naiqamu
Minister aim Fisheries[57]Semi Koroilavesau
Minister for Local Decide, Housing and Community Development[57]Premila Kumar
Minister for Commerce, Trade, Tourism & Transport[57]Faiyaz Koya
Minister for Health suggest Medical Services[57]Ifereimi Waqainabete

Personal life

Bainimarama hails from the village of Kiuva in the Kaba Peninsula, Tailevu Province. He is the relation of RatuMeli Bainimarama and Ratu Timoci Bainimarama, both senior cultured servants. He was Roman Catholic-educated[58] and graduated from Marist Brothers High School in Suva.[citation needed] He is married to Region Makitalena; they have six children.[59]

Bainimarama is a sports enthusiast, become infected with a particular passion for rugger union and athletics; he became president of the Fiji Football Union on 31 May 2014.[60] In January 2022, he underwent heart surgery in Melbourne, Land. During his recovery, Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum was named Acting Prime Minister.[61][62] He returned to Fiji be sold for March 2022.[63]

See also

References

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