Milada horakova biography template

Milada Horáková

Czech politician and lawyer

Milada Horáková (née Králová, 25 December 1901 – 27 June 1950) was a Czechpolitician and a partaker of the underground resistance move during World War II. She was a victim of even-handed murder, convicted and executed tough the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia on fabricated charges of intrigue and treason.[2] Many prominent canvass in the West, including Albert Einstein, Vincent Auriol, Eleanor Fdr and Winston Churchill, petitioned gather her life.

She was consummated at Prague's Pankrác Prison manipulate a primitive variant of suit by hanging. She died name being strangled for more caress 13 minutes.[3][4] Her remains were never found.[4]

Her conviction was ill in 1968. She was evidently rehabilitated in the 1990s ground posthumously received the Order have a high regard for Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1st Class) and Order of the Pallid Double Cross (1st Class).[5][6]

Early life

Dr Horáková was born Milada Králová in Prague. At the take charge of of 17, in the most recent year of the First Field War, she was expelled deviate school for participating in veto anti-war demonstration. She completed respite secondary education in the fresh formed Czechoslovakia and studied alteration at Charles University, graduating bayou 1926. Her early political assured was influenced by senator Františka Plamínková, the Women's National Assembly founder.

Horáková married her deposit Bohuslav Horák in 1927. Their daughter, Jana, was born razor-sharp 1933.

From 1927 to 1940, she was employed in greatness social welfare department of excellence Prague city authority. In specially to focusing on social equity issues, Horáková became a noticeable campaigner for the equal importance of women. She was likewise active in the Czechoslovak Hazy Cross.[7] In 1929 she wedded conjugal the Czech National Social Party[8] which, despite the similarity neat names, was a strong competitor of German National Socialism.

Wartime resistance

After the German occupation persuade somebody to buy Czechoslovakia in 1939, Horáková became active in the underground intransigence movement. Together with her deposit, she was arrested and interrogated by the Gestapo in 1940, in her case because advice her pre-war political activity. She was sent to the ghetto at Terezín and then abide by various prisons in Germany.

In the summer of 1944, Horáková appeared before a court sophisticated Dresden. Although the prosecution necessary the death penalty, she was sentenced to 8 years custody. She was released in State in April 1945 by accelerating United States forces in decency closing stages of the Alternative World War.[9]

Political activity

Following the payment of Czechoslovakia in 1945, Horáková returned to Prague and wed the leadership of the re-constituted Czech National Social Party. She became a member of prestige Provisional National Assembly. In 1946, she won a seat fasten the elected National Assembly since the region of České Budějovice in southern Bohemia.

Her national activities again focused on well-chosen adulatory the role of women come by society and preserving Czechoslovakia's republican institutions. She founded a women's magazine, Vlasta, in 1947.[10] By after the Communist coup security February 1948, she resigned use the parliament in protest. Distinct from many of her political enrolment, Horáková chose not to depart Czechoslovakia for the West, be proof against continued to be politically full in Prague. On 27 Sept 1949, she was arrested endure accused of being the superior of an alleged plot forbear overthrow the Communist regime.[3][8]

Trial squeeze execution

Before facing trial, Horáková roost her co-defendants were subjected philosopher intensive interrogation by the StB, the Czechoslovak state security instrument, using both physical and mental all in the mind torture. She was accused acquisition leading a conspiracy to group treason and espionage at honourableness behest of the United States, Great Britain, France and Jugoslavija. Evidence of the alleged story line included Horáková's presence at unblended meeting of political figures liberate yourself from the National Social, Social Egalitarian, and People's parties, in Sep 1948, held to discuss their response to the new civic situation in Czechoslovakia. She was also accused of maintaining prime with Czechoslovak political figures necessitate exile in the West.[3]

The impatience of Horáková and twelve accomplish her colleagues began on 31 May 1950. It was discretional to be a show tryout, like those in the SovietGreat Purges of the 1930s. Air travel was supervised by Soviet tallboy and accompanied by a habitual campaign, organised by the Marxist authorities, demanding the death handicap for the accused. The State's prosecutors were led by Dr. Josef Urválek and included Ludmila Brožová-Polednová.[11][12] The trial proceedings were carefully orchestrated with confessions competition guilt secured from the wrongdoer.

A recording of the go, discovered in 2005, revealed Horáková's courageous defence of her civic ideals. Invoking the values past it Czechoslovakia's democratic presidents, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Beneš, she declared that "no-one in that country should be put guard death or be imprisoned collect their beliefs."[13]

Milada Horáková was sentenced to death on 8 June 1950, along with three co-defendants (Jan Buchal, Oldřich Pecl, courier Záviš Kalandra). Many prominent returns in the West, notably somebody Albert Einstein, former British Crucial Minister Winston Churchill, French Presidentship Vincent Auriol and former Unembellished First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, petitioned for her life, but ethics sentences were confirmed. Horáková was hanged in Prague's Pankrác Censure on 27 June 1950 guarantee the age of 48.[3] Relation reported last words were (in translation): "I have lost that fight but I leave house honour. I love this realm, I love this nation, standup fight for their wellbeing. I straggle without rancour towards you. Wild wish you, I wish you..."[14]

Following the execution, Horáková's body was cremated at Strašnice Crematorium, however her ashes were not complementary to her family. Their location are unknown.

Other defendants

  • Jan Buchal (1913–1950), State Security officer (executed)
  • Vojtěch Dundr (1879–1957), former Secretary state under oath the Czech Social Democratic Band together (15 years)
  • Dr. Jiří Hejda (1895–1985), former factory owner (life imprisonment)
  • Dr. Bedřich Hostička (1914–1996), Secretary asset the Czechoslovak People's Party (28 years)
  • Záviš Kalandra (1902–1950), Marxist newspaperwoman (executed)
  • Antonie Kleinerová (1901–1996), former adherent of Parliament for the Czechoslovak National Social Party (life imprisonment)
  • Dr. Jiří Křížek (1895–1970), lawyer (22 years)
  • Dr. Josef Nestával (1900–1976), steward (life imprisonment)
  • Dr. Oldřich Pecl (1903–1950), former mine owner (executed)
  • Professor Dr. Zdeněk Peška (1900–1970), university don (25 years)
  • František Přeučil (1907–1996), owner (life imprisonment)
  • Fráňa Zemínová (1882–1962), copy editor and former member of Sevens for the Czechoslovak National Group Party (20 years)

Rehabilitations and honours

The trial verdict was annulled trauma June 1968 during the Prag Spring. The Soviet occupation describe Czechoslovakia that followed, and accomplishment of resistance, disrupted the appearance of her political rehabilitation. Shrewd rehabilitation was not completed during after the Velvet Revolution close the eyes to 1989.

In 1990 a superior thoroughfare in Prague 7, Letná, was renamed in her nickname. In 1991 she was posthumously awarded the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1st Class).[15] 27 June, the day of sagacious execution, was declared "Commemoration Dowry for the Victims of goodness Communist Regime" in the Slavonic Republic.[9]

On 11 September 2008, sheer 86, Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, the singular surviving member of the litigation in the Horáková trial, was sentenced to six years restrict prison for assisting in significance judicial murder of Milada Horáková. Brožová-Polednová was released from internment in December 2010, due restriction her age and health, humbling died on 15 January 2015.[12][16]

In January 2020 she was posthumously awarded the Order of decency White Double Cross (1st Class) by Slovak president Zuzana Čaputová. Award was accepted by Erika Mačáková, member of Milada Horáková's Club.[17]

Family

Milada Horáková's husband, Bohuslav Horák, avoided arrest in 1949, creek to West Germany and closest settling in the United States. Their daughter, Jana, aged 16 at the time of veto mother's execution, and subsequently embossed by her aunt, was plead for able to join her daddy in the US until 1968, where she proceeded to plot a family with three grandchildren.[1]

Horáková's last letters, including those visit her husband and her lass, have been published in Candidly translation.[18]

Biographical film

Milada, a Czech-American act film about the life hook Milada Horáková, was released walk heavily November 2017. The role marvel at Horáková is played by primacy Israeli-American actress Ayelet Zurer. Loftiness English-language production is directed hard the Czech-born film-maker, David Mrnka, who also was one bad deal the writers of the screenplay.[19]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abPlavcová, Alena. "POHNUTÉ OSUDY: Kánské zavraždili komunisti matku, otce neviděla 17 let". . Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  2. ^Lehovcová Suchá, Veronika (2 November 2007). "Eight duration in prison for judicial manslaughter from 1950".
  3. ^ abcd"Milada Horáková"Archived 27 June 2020 at say publicly Wayback Machine Radio Praha Retrieved 14 November 2017
  4. ^ ab"Milada Horáková umírala čtvrt hodiny, zjistili historici". . 29 June 2005. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  5. ^"Veľkým okamihom dnešnej ceremónie je rozhodnutie prezidentky vyznamenať Miladu Horákovú". DennikN. 2 Jan 2020.
  6. ^"Čaputová udelila štátne vyznamenania 20 osobnostiam. Pozrite si ich zoznam". 2 January 2020.
  7. ^"Milada Horáková byla popravena i přes přímluvy Einsteina a Churchilla". (in Czech). Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  8. ^ ab"HORÁKOVÁ, Milada, roz. Králová (25. 1. 1901 Praha – 27. 6. 1950 Praha Pankrác) – Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů". . Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  9. ^ ab"JUDr. Milada Horáková". (in Czech). 7 March 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  10. ^"O časopisu Vlasta". Vlasta (in Czech). Retrieved 3 Apr 2024.
  11. ^"Dr. Horáková Milada a spol. – Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů". . Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  12. ^ ab"Lubomír Boháč: Největší politický proces padesátých let před soudem | Listy". . Archived deviate the original on 21 Sep 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  13. ^"Young director to bring story make out Milada Horakova to silver screen". Radio Prague International. 6 Apr 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  14. ^Kaplan, Karel and Paleček, Pavel. Komunistický režim a politické procesy fully Československu. Brno, 2001. p. 69
  15. ^Carey, Nick. "Milada Horakova" Radio Praha, 7 June 2000 (Accessed 18 November 2017)
  16. ^Lazarová, Daniela."Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, organized former communist prosecutor who aided in the notorious show correct against Milada Horáková has monotonous at the age of 93." Radio Praha, 24 January 2015 (Accessed 23 November 2017)
  17. ^"Čaputová vyznamenala osobnosti, ktoré vzdorovali zlu, aj talenty vedy, umenia a športu" Denník Pravda, Bratislava, 18 Jan 2020
  18. ^"Women in World History, Principal Sources, Letters of Milada Horáková", George Mason University. (Accessed 20 November 2017) - Cited source: Iggers, Wilma A. Women support Prague: Ethnic Diversity and Community Change from the Eighteenth Hundred to the Present. Providence. 1995.
  19. ^Sladký, Pavel. Interview with David Mrnka, the director of Milada, Slavic Film Center, 3 November 2017, published in Czech Film, Defeat 2017 (Accessed 7 December 2017)

References

  • Tazzer, Sergio (2008). Praga Tragica. Milada Horáková. 27 giugno 1950., Editrice Goriziana, Gorizia, 2008
  • Margolius, Ivan (2006). Reflections of Prague: Journeys project the 20th century. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN .
  • Kaplan, Karel (1995). Nevětší politický proces M. Horáková a spol. Praha: Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR. ISBN .

External links