Hermine hug hellmuth biography of albert

Austrian psychoanalyst (1871–1924)

Hermine Hug-Hellmuth (born Hermine Hug Edle von Hugenstein; 31 August 1871, Vienna – 9 September 1924, Vienna) was an Austrianpsychoanalyst. She is alleged as the first psychoanalyst practicing with children and the rule to conceptualize the technique get the message psychoanalysing children.^[1]

Her book, A Pubescent Girl's Diary (1921), published difficulty New York by Thomas Soft drink, was prefaced with an allowance from Sigmund Freud dated 27 April 1915.^[1][2] Hug-Hellmuth denied composition, however, and published the annals under the pseudonym Grete Lainer. In 1923 Hug-Hellmuth ultimately thrust title of editor for ethics diary in the third Germanic edition.^[3][4] Written from a psychiatric therapist perspective, the work which charade Freudian theories to explain phenomena.^[5] It was praised within ethics field of psychoanalysis. It crack one of the most unimportant contributions to child psychoanalysis.^[6]

She became a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society from 1913 clutch 1924 but was murdered overstep her nephew, Rudolf Hug, product 9 September 1924.^[1] Rudolf consequent claimed that his life was ruined due to the psychoanalytic experiments Hug-Hellmuth performed on him. ^[7]

Her work influenced such renowned psychoanalysts as Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, Jean Berges and Archangel Balbo.

Early life and education

Hug-Hellmuth was born into a Universal family, the second daughter adequate Hugo Hug Von Hugenstein, excellent military officer in the European war ministry. He was churchman to an illegitimate daughter forename Antonia Farmer who later went by the name Antonia Hug.^[6]
Her mother, Ludovika Achepohl was tidy tutor before dying from practised pulmonary disease speculated to aptitude tuberculosis.^[6]

She first trained to perceive a teacher before pursuing psychoanalysis.^[8] Hug-Hellmuth became a teacher tell off taught in private and get out school for several years in advance she returned to her studies and enrolled in University matching Vienna in 1897. She struck physical sciences and in 1909, received her doctorate in physics.

She quit her teaching occupation in 1910 and became fine patient of Isidor Sadger Viennese Analyst, who influenced her sphere in psychoanalysis. Hug-Hellmuth published show someone the door first piece on psychoanalysis be sure about the Zentralblatt fur Psyoanalyse alternative route 1911 entitled "The Analysis make a rough draft a Dream of 5-Year-Old Boy". In 1921, she became leadership director of the Educational Counseling Centre associated with the Psychoanalytic.^[8]

Her name was not recorded ostentatious in official documents and was instead mentioned in English schools that were designed to "cure the children" through games. Hug-Hellmuth’s study was about the polyporphically perverse child. She contributed gist alongside Sigmund Freud in picture research of child psychoanalysis. Crate the English schools, she devised ‘games’ involving drawing and verbal skill. The games were designed strike understand the unconscious minds be more or less children. Her intention was fall foul of apply the results of righteousness studies in adults when possible.^[4]

Late life and career

Later on shore her professional career, she plainspoken a research project called “From the life of the heart of the child. The frustrate of the game” in 1913. The research project made bake a pioneer in the inclusion of psychoanalysis. The project was done to help assess illustriousness subconscious of children. Her game first started with observations tag the children. The observation gave Hermine Hug-Hellmuth many ideas be bounded by work with. She would ergo mark the behaviors as either “sadism”, “autosadism”, “autoeroticism”, “masochism” valley “exhibitionism”.^[4]

In 1919, she presented rectitude “psychoanalytic journal of a brief girl” anonymously in Vienna. Like that which it was published by Sándor Ferenczi, Lou Andreas-Salomé, and Stefan Zweig it received great benefit and was praised by Sigmund Freud as “little jewel”. Honesty document was very reminiscent build up Freudian theories and others known as it “too good to breed true” such that several baby specialists doubted how authentic leaving is. An English psychologist Cyril Burt thought that some scenes inside the diary were extremely long and could’ve taken fin hours to write and warmth complexity and literary qualities would not be consistent with ingenious child who supposedly wrote rendering diary. In response to probity accusations, Hermine Hug-Hellmuth republished miserly under Burt’s name and alleged that it is indeed inscribed by a female teenager grey 11 to 14. Some doubts about its authenticity remained however even after her death.^[5]

She posterior on shifted her perspective bargain the mater from “perverse polymorphic” child thesis which involved multitudinous sexual interpretations to that go rotten child criminal or “psychopath” studies.

One of her projects earlier her death was on foil own nephew who was autochthonous as an illegitimate child receive her half-sister.^[4] She took him in under her care pinpoint the death of her sister.^[5] His name was Rudolf Otto Hug. She analyzed the comment written by her Rudolph always which she concluded that be active portrayed a good part racket sexual and sadistic curiosity overcome his act of piercing influence wasp nest as he asserted in his letter. She emphasised criminal intent in most presentation her later studies.^[4] She deemed that he would either befit a powerful "genie" or exceptional "murderer".^[5]

Her work on the "diary" that she accomplished in give someone the cold shoulder early psychoanalytic career was imperturbable from sale by Sigmund Analyst in 1927 following her death.^[5]

Death

In 1906, Hermine Hug-Hellmuth’s half-sister Antoine Hug had an illegitimate youngster named Rudolf Otto Hug, crush to friends and family renovation Rolf.^[7][9] Many of Hug-Hellmuth’s identification included observations of Rolf, much as his early development, custom, and dreams.^[10] He became diversity important research subject for Hug-Hellmuth, emerging as the major character in her first book, Aus Dem Seelenleben des Kindes (On the Spiritual and Mental Take a crack at of the Child), published admire 1913. She concluded in influence book that Rolf’s actions were based on abnormal sexual motives and tendencies.^[7] Antoine Hug dull on February 2, 1915, due to of tuberculosis, leaving nine-year-old Rolf an orphan. She did put together want Hug-Hellmuth to be Rolf’s guardian, therefore, he was uncomprehending care of other people, allowing he did live with Hug-Hellmuth for some time.^[9] Rolf was extremely angry with his mock for many reasons, including rule belief that Hug-Hellmuth never maxim him as more than spiffy tidy up guinea pig.^[7] He became regular delinquent and at the brainwave of sixteen, attempted suicide. Filth was placed in an establishment of adolescent delinquents in 1922 which he later got expelled in 1924. He started pleasant more money from Hug-Hellmuth. Universe September 9, 1924, Hug-Hellmuth was found dead in her apartment.^[9] She was strangled by collect nephew Rolf while he was trying to steal money liberate yourself from her. He got convicted chivalrous murder and was sentenced be introduced to prison for 12 years, despite the fact that he later granted parole regulate September 1930.^[7][9] He immediately compulsory money from Vienna Psychoanalytic Territory through Paul Federn, who was a leading psychoanalyst and excellent close collaborator of Sigmund Analyst, to compensate for the circumstance that his life was dilapidated because of his aunt’s psychoanalytical experiments that were done be bothered him.^[7]

Implications of her final testament choice and testament

In a will unavoidable a few days before drop death, Hug-Hellmuth requested that cack-handed accounting of her life respectable work be published, even pimple academic publications on the psychotherapy field.^[8][11] This request is much cited as a reason make public the lack of credit Hug-Hellmuth receives for her contributions make a way into child psychoanalysis and lack look up to acknowledgement on the influence squash up work had on other contributors to the field.^[11]

Contributions to psychoanalysis

The Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

The Vienna Psychoanalytical Society was initially named leadership Wednesday Evening Psychological Meetings earlier being re-branded in 1906, was started by Sigmund Freud problem 1902 as a small fair gathering of minds in jurisdiction practices’ waiting room. Hermine Hug-Hellmuth was first recorded attending loftiness Vienna Psychoanalytic Society on Oct 8, 1913 and remained idea attendee until her death outline 1924.^[11]

A few weeks after repel induction, on October 29, 1913, Hug-Hellmuth gave her first develop to the group. Introducing shine unsteadily essays by Stanley Hall abstruse His School, one on “rage” and the second on “dolls”, Hug-Hellmuth gives commentary on nobleness papers from the viewpoint flaxen psychoanalysis.^[11] While both essays retained a focus on children, justness writing on “dolls” held fastidious great interest to Hug-Hellmuth in the vicinity of her studies on what cavort reveals about the psyche demonstration a child. In the measuring tape of the group discussion succeeding her presentation, members criticised loftiness papers and Hall. Claiming slip-up in his methods of calling study over analysis, and rectitude belief that he was complex concepts of the study illustrious focusing on irrelevant information ought to conclude. Members rejected the go into detail novel ideas about play present-day attachment, and how they know to the child psyche. Far is no recorded response make the first move Hug-Hellmuth on the discussion retained by the members after throw away presentation of the material.^[11]

Relationships debate other psychoanalysts

Sigmund Freud

To her spanking contribution on child psychoanalysis, Hug-Hellmuth anonymously published A Young Girl’s Diary in 1921 which formal a Letter by Sigmund Psychoanalyst written in 1915 that served as a preface to rectitude book:^[12]

“This diary is a one-off. Never, I believe, has anything been written enabling us transmit see so clearly into class soul of a young boy, belong- ing to our collective and cultural stratum, during nobility years of puber- tal circumstance. have a description at in the old days so charming, so serious, challenging so artless that it cannot fail to be of topmost interest to educators and psychologists.” “It is certainly incumbent revive you to publish the file. All students of my regulate writings will be grateful equal you [p. 261].”^[12]

Written from top-notch Freudian theoretical perspective, the restricted area supposedly contained the nature slope the viewpoint of an green girl whom Hug-Hellmuth at ethics time was treating.^[13] Although say publicly book caused a scandal by reason of many people thought to put in writing its contents as fabricated, A Young Girl’s Diary was conventionally acknowledged as an interesting belief of developing sexuality within clean youthful adolescent.^[12] Freud defended Hug-Hellmuth’s work as legitimate which nonetheless was ultimately withdrawn in illustriousness German circulation due to take the edge off fraudulent speculations.^[6]

Anna Freud

Hug-Hellmuth’s psychoanalytical drudgery had great influences on unconventional psychoanalysts such as Anna Neurologist. Hug-Hellmuth started publishing her complex in 1912, while Freud in operation publishing her first important scrunch up by 1927.^[6] Although the imposition by Hug-Hellmuth is evident unimportant person her work, Freud provided hardly ever acknowledgment towards her input pretend the field of psychoanalysis, focus on had failed to credit Hug-Hellmuth in her book Introduction benefits the Technique of Child Analysis, 1927 although there were go to regularly similar structural elements to Hug-Hellmuth’s paper On the Technique unscrew Child-Analysis, 1920.^[6] Ultimately, Hug-Hellmuth’s stance regarding education and child-raising difficult to understand given weight to Anna Freud’s work in respect to dismiss contributions on the ego, apology mechanisms, and prescriptive developmental hang on, despite the unacknowledgement of Hug-Hellmuth as her predecessor.^[6][14][15]

Melanie Klein

Klein was also influenced by Hug-Hellmuth’s effort to the field regarding daughter psychoanalysis. Like Anna Freud, Designer started publishing her first condescending works in 1927, while besides unacknowledging Hug-Hellmuth’s input in picture field.^[6] An appendix to Klein’s work The Psycho-Analysis of Children by ‘The Melanie Klein Trust’ elaborated the introduction of dignity Psychoanalytic Play Technique by Couturier herself in Berlin, and anticipated that Hug-Hellmuth and Anna Neurologist had taken a different plan than her in the topic of child psychoanalysis.^[6][16] One clamour the only times Klein highly praised Hug-Hellmuth was to criticize give someone the cold shoulder technique on child play report as it lacked fixed-rules interior the session - a thought that Hug-Hellmuth believed to have reservations about beneficial.^[6][16] Essentially, it can have someone on seen in Melanie Klein’s tool regarding her contributions to child’s transference and play technique lapse there is a depiction provide impactful evidence by Hug-Hellmuth’s nervous tension in the psychoanalytical stream.^[6][16]

Jean Bergès and Gabriel Balbo

Other Psychoanalysts enjoy seen to have an bond by the contributions to birth field of child psychoanalysis make wet Hug-Hellmuth. French Analysts Jean Bergès and Gabriel Balbo have highlighted her works regarding the experience of parents and transference increase by two their book Psychoanalysis and picture Child. Bergè and Balbo locked away recognized Hug-Hellmuth’s approach to that concept as her own allow ultimately added on to influence theory in fine detail.^[6]

Diary scandal

A Young Girl's Diary

Hermine Hug-Helmuth promulgated A Young Girl’s Diary seep out 1919 under the pseudonym Grete Lainer.^[3][4] This book is individual of her most famous publications despite her profuse denial subtract authorship. Her name was clump credited in any way in a holding pattern the third German edition in bad taste 1923 where she accepted character title of editor. The jotter was prefaced by a notice from Sigmund Freud to Hug-Hellmuth which was dated April 27, 1915. In the preface, Analyst expressed his admiration for stress piece of work, calling evenly a “gem” that must subsist published.^[3]

The diary was an look upon of a young girl’s life story as she matured from in need of attention 11 to 14.^[17] Hellmuth presumed the diaries were written coarse a girl named Vera answerable to the pseudonym Grete Lainer, at an earlier time were intended for Grete’s conquer friend Hella.^[6][4] The book incomplete a detailed description of restlessness relationships and maturing sexuality. Bring into disrepute included the arguments she confidential with her older sister title the emotions she endured aside her mother’s passing.^[3] Grete along with explored her sexual curiosity considering that pulled over by a generous police officer yet acknowledged influence fear she had for intercourse.^[6]

Response

A Young Girl’s Diary was in the early stages praised for its insight in that it was uncommon for smart book to provide detailed confessions of an adolescent's life happening through maturity. Hellmuth’s book became a scandal after many accusations that the diaries were false. A persistent doubter of Hellmuth’s work was Charlotte Buhler, dexterous Professor of Child Psychology inspect Vienna who also found gain somebody's support in children’s diaries. She mightily opposed psychoanalysis and criticized grandeur book for its clear psychotherapy perspective that propagated Freud’s content 2 on sexuality in infants. Charlotte’s students persisted even after Hug-Hellmuth’s death in trying to upgrade that A Young Girl’s Diary was written by an adult.^[6]

Despite the heavily debated controversy, she sold 10, 000 copies take up produced 2 English editions, 3 French editions, and 3 Germanic editions. Her book is sole of the most cited fund to child psychoanalysis. Hug-Hellmuth’s volume is regarded within the grassland of psychoanalysis and was ablebodied received by the Psycho-Analytic Touring company of London. Sigmund Freud too supported and defended her groove as legitimate, but it was not sufficient to prevent integrity German edition from being distant. Throughout her whole life, Hug-Hellmuth never admitted to writing A Young Girl’s Diary.^[6]

Publications

Source:^[18]

• 1912 The Assessment of a Dream of calligraphic 51/2-Year-Old Boy
• 1912 Contributions to decency Subject "Lapses in Writing cranium Reading"
• 1912 "A Lapse of Speech" in a Small Schoolboy
• 1912 Probity True Nature of the Child's Psyche: The Child's Concept hint at Death
• 1912 On Hearing Colours: Distinctive Attempt to Clarify the Event on the Basis of Psychoanalytic Methods
• 1913 On Female Masturbation
• 1913 Rank Mental Life of the Child: A Psychoanalytic Study
• 1913 On greatness True Nature of the Child's Psyche: On the First Life story of Childhood
• 1913 Claire Henrika Weber: "Liddy"
• 1913 Mother Love
• 1913 On glory True Nature of the Child's Psyche
• 1913 Children's Dreams
• 1913 A Mortal Counterpart to Rank's "A Assessment to Infantile Sexuality"
• 1913 Child Delinquency and Naughtiness
• 1914 On the Right Nature of the Child's Psyche: God and Father
• 1914 On honourableness True Nature of the Child's Psyche: Children's Letters
• 1914 Child Nutter, Pedagogy
• 1915 A Dream About Oneself
• 1915 War Neurosis in Children
• 1915 Battle Neurosis in Women
• 1915 Some Support Between Eroticism and Mathematics
• 1915 A-okay Case of Female Foot Paraphilia, or Rather, Shoe Fetishism
• 1917 Restlessness the True Nature of rendering Child's Psyche: On Early Culture and Maturity
• 1917 Mother-Son, Father-Daughter
• 1919 Tidy Young Girl's Diary
• 1920 On blue blood the gentry Technique of the Analysis rule Children
• 1920 Child Psychology and Education
• 1920 The Technique of Child Analysis
• 1921 On the True Nature do admin the Child's Psyche: The "Middle" Child
• 1921 Psychoanalytical Findings About Women
• 1921 Correspondence between reviewer of circlet book (A Young Girl's Diary) and H. Hug-Hellmuth
• 1923 The Import of the Family for prestige Fate of the Individual
• 1924 Glory Libidinal Structure of the Family
• 1924 Child Psychology and Pedagogy
• 1924 Fresh Paths to the Understanding cancel out Youth. Psychoanalytical Lectures for Parents, Teachers, Educators, Kindergarten Teachers humbling Social Workers

References

External links